IoT-based mobile data acquisition for pH and temperature monitoring as an enrichment material for high school energy transformation book

Authors

  • Amalia Hidayah Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia
    ID Indonesia
  • Maulana Firmansyah Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia
    ID Indonesia
  • Dwi Teguh Rahardjo Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia
    ID Indonesia
  • Anif Jamaluddin Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia
    ID Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.62672/joease.v4i2.123

Keywords:

Energy transformation, Enrichment books, pH sensor, Temperature sensor

Abstract

Monitoring pH and temperature is critical in various fields, yet integrating such technical concepts into high school education remains a challenge. This study aims to develop and validate an IoT-based mobile data acquisition system as a practical case study for an enrichment book on the topic of energy transformation for high school students. Using a Research and Development (R&D) approach, an IoT device consisting of a pH sensor, a K-type thermocouple, and a NodeMCU ESP8266 was built. An accompanying enrichment book was developed using Canva and Heyzine Flipbook. The IoT system demonstrated good accuracy, achieving R² values for pH measurement of 0.9526 (acidic) and 0.8843 (basic). The enrichment book was validated by experts and practitioners, receiving high feasibility ratings of 92.58% and 83.01%, respectively. These findings indicate that the developed enrichment book is a highly feasible supplementary teaching resource. This study demonstrates the significant potential of integrating hands-on IoT projects into science curricula to enhance students' understanding of abstract concepts like energy transformation.

References

Abdelaziz, Y., Hammam, M., Megahed, F., & Qamar, E. R. (2022). Characterizing Drift Behavior in Type K and N Thermocouples After High Temperature Thermal Exposures. Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences, 97(1), 62–74. https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.97.1.6274

Abdel-Basset, M., Moustafa, N., Hawash, H., & Ding, W. (2022). Introduction Conceptualization of Security, Forensics, and Privacy of Internet of Things: An Artificial Intelligence Perspective. In Studies in Computational Intelligence (Vol. 997, pp. 1–35). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89025-4_1

Afiah, S., & Iswanto, B. H. (2018). Pengembangan Media Buku Elektronik (E- Book) Tentang Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga. VII, 161–166.

Antonius, F., & Saepudin, A. (2023). The Impact of IoT on The Storing Process of Leather Raw Material. Jurnal RESTI (Rekayasa Sistem Dan Teknologi Informasi), 7(3), 422–429. https://doi.org/10.29207/resti.v7i3.4427

Asrizal, Desnita, & Darvina, Y. (2020). Need analysis to develop electronic enrichment book of Physics based on contextual teaching and environmental potential. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1481(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1481/1/012123

Azharul, F., Rahmawati, Choiruddin, & Wilarso. (2021). Rancang Bangun Alat Kalibrasi Pengukur Suhu Berbasis Digital Temperatur Controller. TEKNOSAINS : Jurnal Sains, Teknologi Dan Informatika, 8(2), 109–116. https://doi.org/10.37373/tekno.v8i2.103

Bakri, F., Luthfiya, A. Q., Rahmawati, D., & Wati, L. (2023). The Modern Physics Practicum: Students creatively and critically thinking in the 21st-century competencies. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2596(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2596/1/012079

Chania, D. M. P., Medriati, R., & Mayub, A. (2020). Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Fisika Melalui Pendekatan Stem Berorientasi Hots Pada Materi Usaha Dan Energi. Jurnal Kumparan Fisika, 3(2), 109–120. https://doi.org/10.33369/jkf.3.2.109-120

Desniarsyah, F. (2016). PENGEMBANGAN BUKU PENGAYAAN PENGETAHUAN “KAJIAN FISIKA PERISTIWA KEBAKARAN HUTAN” UNTUK SISWA SMA [UNIVERSITAS NEGERI JAKARTA]. http://repository.unj.ac.id/24793/1/Skripsi-Fairus Desniarsyah-3215122018.pdf

Dewi, N. K., & Arty, I. S. (2021). Development of an Enrichment Book of Colloid Industry Products as a Source of Literacy for Senior High School Students. KnE Social Sciences, 156-167–156–167. https://doi.org/10.18502/KSS.V6I2.9986

El Arouji, S., Ismaili, K. A., Zerrouki, A., Aouniti, A., & Hammouti, B. (2015). Inhibition effects of a new syntheses pyrazole derivative on the corrosion of mild steel in sulfuric acid solution, Der Phar. Chem, 7(10), 67.

Gołąbek, J., & Strankowski, M. (2024). A Review of Recent Advances in Human-Motion Energy Harvesting Nanogenerators, Self-Powering Smart Sensors and Self-Charging Electronics. Sensors, 24(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/s24041069

Ilyas, S., Kim, H., & Srivastava, R. R. (2021). Role of chemistry in alternative energy: The thermodynamics and electrochemical approach. In Handbook of Environmental Chemistry (Vol. 99). https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2020_595

Kaur, K., & Gandhi, V. (2022). Internet Of Things: A Study on Protocols, Security Challenges and Healthcare Applications. 2022 2nd International Conference on Advance Computing and Innovative Technologies in Engineering, ICACITE 2022, 1206–1210. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICACITE53722.2022.9823422

Kayyali, M. (2022). Internet of Things (IoT): Emphasizing Its Applications and Emergence in Environmental Management-The Profound Cases. In Environmental Informatics: Challenges and Solutions. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2083-7_11

Kumar, V. D., Bhattacharyya, A., Behera, R. P., Kasinathan, M., & Prabakar, K. (2025). Degradation and residual life assessment of thermocouples with damaged sheaths in corrosive environments. Journal of Instrumentation, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/20/01/P01002

Kumari, S., & Arowolo, M. O. (2024). Internet of things (IoT): Concepts, protocols, and applications. In Emerging Technologies and Security in Cloud Computing (pp. 19–52). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-2081-5.ch002

Kurniawan, R., Hamzah, S., Hiasa, F., & Yulistio, D. (2024). Developing android-based literature theory learning media using the MIT App inventor application. JOALL (Journal of Applied Linguistics and Literature), 9(1), 72–83. https://doi.org/10.33369/joall.v9i1.27716

Kurniawan, R., Syifa, F. T., & Leksono, M. L. (2022). Analisis dan Perancangan Aquascape menggunakan Protokol MQTT untuk Media Pengiriman Data Suhu dan pH. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronics, and Control Engineering (JTECE), 4(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.20895/jtece.v4i1.344

Liang, Z., Nishi, M., & Kishida, I. (2021). Teaching Android App Development to First Year Undergraduates: Textual Programming or Visual Programming? TALE 2021 - IEEE International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Education, Proceedings, 159–166. https://doi.org/10.1109/TALE52509.2021.9678602

Listiaji, P., Dewi, N. R., Amalia, A. V., Amelia, R. N., Widianingrum, R. A., Ardhani, N. E., & Rahman, N. F. A. (2024). Development of Digital Calorimeter Experiment Kit to Train the Designing Experiments Ability of Pre-Service Science Teacher. JIPF (Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Fisika), 9(1), 125. https://doi.org/10.26737/jipf.v9i1.4739

Monteiro, M. C. O., & Koper, M. T. M. (2021). Measuring local pH in electrochemistry. Current Opinion in Electrochemistry, 25, 100649. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coelec.2020.100649

Morozova, Y., & Rozhnenko, O. (2021). The use of innovative technologies to enhance the cognitive activity of students. E3S Web of Conferences, 273. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127312110

Mulyana, V., & Desnita, D. (2023). Empirical Validity and Reliability of the Scientific Literacy Assessment Instrument Based on the Tornado Physics Enrichment Book. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(5), 3961–3967. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i5.3290

Muzamil, S., Loniza, E., Apriyanto, N. P., Maryanto, I. E. K., & Yudhanto, F. (2024). Increasing Student Productivity and Learning Motivation through Training and Implementing MIT App Inventor Software at SMP 7 Muhammadiyah of Yogyakarta. BIO Web of Conferences, 137. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202413702002

Okta Riyandi, M. A., Santoso, H. B., & Hadi Putra, P. O. (2023). The Application of Game Mechanics and Technological Trend in Game-Based Learning: A Review of the Research. Jurnal RESTI (Rekayasa Sistem Dan Teknologi Informasi), 7(4), 774–781. https://doi.org/10.29207/resti.v7i4.4928

Oluwatobi, S., Afolabi, A., Tunji-Olayeni, P., Oluwatobi, A., & Emebo, O. (2023). Repositioning industry R&D units into tertiary education research laboratories. International Journal of Business and Globalisation, 33(3), 362–372. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBG.2023.10054136

Onggo, L., Wibowo, S., & Ainul, R. D. (2024). Revolutionizing Classroom Attendance : A Wireless Smart System Using ESP-NOW Protocol. Jurnal Infotel, 16(4), 695–712. https://doi.org/10.20895/infotel.v16i4.1259

Opresnik, M. O. (2023). New Product Development (NPD) - Staying Competitive in an Ever-Changing Business Environment. In Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics): Vol. 14025 LNCS. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35915-6_31

Pölloth, B., Diekemper, D., & Schwarzer, S. (2023). What resources do high school students activate to link energetic and structural changes in chemical reactions? - A qualitative study. Chemistry Education Research and Practice, 24(4), 1153–1173. https://doi.org/10.1039/D3RP00068K

Prasetyowati, D., Wulandari, D., & Cristabel, K. (2024). Design of Android-Based Mathematics Learning Media Using MIT Inventor with Contextual Teaching and Learning Approach. AIP Conference Proceedings, 3046(1). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0194564

Pratami, L. W. D., Ariswati, H. G., & Titisari, D. (2020). Effect of Temperature on pH Meter Based on Arduino Uno With Internal Calibration. Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics, 2(1), 23–27. https://doi.org/10.35882/jeeemi.v2i1.5

Purwanti, P., Mayanty, S., Fitrian, A., Huda, D. N., & Kumala, S. A. (2024). Development of Project Based Learning Based Practicum Modules to Improve High School Students Understanding of Concepts. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2866(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2866/1/012100

Putri, R. T., Alhusni, H. Z., & Lestari, N. A. (2023). Design and Prototype Testing of the Video Tracker Analysis-Based Uniformly Varied Rectilinear Motion Tool for Uniformly Accelerated Rectilinear Motion and Uniformly Decelerated Rectilinear Motion Experiments. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2623(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2623/1/012035

Sameera Fathimal, M., & Jothiraj, S. (2022). A Novel Approach for the Measurement of pH of Body Fluids at Various Temperatures Using Compensation Technique. In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems (Vol. 355). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8512-5_12

Saputri, D. F., Wahyudi, W., Nurhayati, N., Nurussaniah, N., & Misbah, M. (2023). Development of Electronic Modules based on Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematical (STEM) Approaches in Vibration and Wave Courses. Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika Dan Keilmuan (JPFK), 9(1), 53. https://doi.org/10.25273/jpfk.v9i1.13261

Saputri, R. R., & Qohar, A. (2020). Development of Comic-Based Mathematics Learning Media on Social Arithmetic Topic. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1657(1), 012082. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1657/1/012082

Sugiyono. (2022). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Alfabeta.

Suresh Kumar, M., Rachel, S., & Kaviselvan, M. V. (2021). Machine learning-based industrial internet of things (IIoT) and its applications. In Applied Learning Algorithms for Intelligent IoT (pp. 123–151). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003119838-6

Tóth, T., & Lovászová, G. (2021). Mediation of Knowledge Transfer in the Transition from Visual to Textual Programming. Informatics in Education, 20(3), 489–511. https://doi.org/10.15388/infedu.2021.20

Ulfa, J. (2025). Electronic Enrichment Book Design “ Solar Energy and Its Benefits ” to Improve Environmental Problem Solving Skills. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(1), 198–206. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i1.9724

Wijayanti, R., M. Syirajuddin S, Abdul Rasyid, & Ahmad Wilda Y. (2023). IoT Microcontroller Application Prototype as Data Transceiver from Network to USB Device. Jurnal RESTI (Rekayasa Sistem Dan Teknologi Informasi), 7(1), 66–71. https://doi.org/10.29207/resti.v7i1.4555

Yeadon, W., & Quinn, M. (2021). Thermodynamics education for energy transformation: A Stirling Engine experiment. Physics Education, 56(5). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6552/AC142C

Zakharkevich, O., Paraska, O., Koshevko, J., Shvets, G., Shvets, A., & Zhylenko, T. (2023). Development of a Mobile Application to Study Sewing Techniques for Manufacturing fur and Leather Clothes. Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe, 31(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.2478/ftee-2023-0011

Zhang, Y., Hu, Y., Jiang, N., & Yetisen, A. K. (2023). Wearable artificial intelligence biosensor networks. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2022.114825

Downloads

Published

01-04-2026

How to Cite

Hidayah, A., Firmansyah, M., Rahardjo, D. T., & Jamaluddin, A. (2026). IoT-based mobile data acquisition for pH and temperature monitoring as an enrichment material for high school energy transformation book. Journal of Environment and Sustainability Education, 4(2), 236–247. https://doi.org/10.62672/joease.v4i2.123

Issue

Vol. 4 No. 2 (2026)

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Environment and Sustainability Education

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.