Embodied pedagogy and ecological ethics: Internalising environmental values through the Pakarena Anida dance in South Sulawesi
Abstract
Global ecological crises demand sustainability education that integrates cultural and ecological values beyond formal and Western-oriented frameworks. Traditional performing arts offer holistic pedagogical resources through embodied, symbolic, and participatory practices, yet their potential remains underexplored in sustainability discourses. In Indonesia, the Pakarena Anida Dance of South Sulawesi exemplifies how ritual gestures, ornate costumes, and narrative symbolism function as cultural texts transmitting ecological ethics and community values. However, limited scholarship has examined how female dancers operate as custodians of both cultural heritage and environmental responsibility. This study employs a descriptive qualitative design, drawing on anthropology, semiotics, and cultural studies to analyse the symbolic representation of female dancers in South Sulawesi traditional performances. Multi-sited fieldwork was conducted in Makassar City, Wajo Regency, and Toraja Regency, involving 29 purposively selected informants—including cultural leaders, senior dancers, troupe members, and audiences. Data were collected through performance observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation of manuscripts and visual records. Analysis followed Miles and Huberman’s interactive model, supported by thematic and interpretive strategies. Findings reveal three key insights. First, Pakarena Anida embodies conservation values through symbolic movements—such as bowing and circular formations—that signify humility and ecological balance. Second, the dance functions as informal education, with rehearsals and performances serving as “schools without walls” where intergenerational ecological and moral wisdom is transmitted. Third, costumes, music, and ritualised gestures operate as cultural codes that internalise local values, reinforcing identity, humility, and responsibility across generations.
References
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Sipos, Y., Battisti, B., & Grimm, K. (2008). Achieving transformative sustainability learning: engaging head, hands and heart. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 9(1), 68–86. https://doi.org/10.1108/14676370810842193
Siringo-ringo, R., Siagian, A., & Wahyuni, N. (2022). The Resilient Tradition: Exploring the Cultural Significance of Javanese Wayang Kulit in Heritage Preservation. Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Dan Humaniora, 11(1), 69–84. https://doi.org/10.35335/jiph.v11i1.16
Batubara, S. M. (2024). Peran Pendidikan Kebudayaan dalam Pelestarian Kearifan Lokal di Sekolah : Tinjauan Pustaka. Atmosfer: Jurnal Pendidikan, Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, Budaya, Dan Sosial Humaniora, 3(1), 260–270. https://doi.org/10.59024/atmosfer.v3i1.1208
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Syahrir, N., & Alimuddin, A. (2024). Integrating computing techniques in preserving Makassar’s Pakarena dance heritage. Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 36(3), 1674. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v36.i3.pp1674-1682
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Wu, J., Ju, L.-H., Lin, P.-H., & Lyu, Y. (2022). The Relationship between Form and Ritual in Cultural Sustainability. Sustainability, 14(15), 9157. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159157
Yang, N., Zang, X., & Chen, C. (2022). Inheritance Patterns under Cultural Ecology Theory for the Sustainable Development of Traditional Handicrafts. Sustainability, 14(22), 14719. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142214719
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Zulkifli, Indah Nurjelika, Sin Yin, Miranda Febwandari, Aulia Nurhayati Ningsih, & Adam Jordy Maulana. (2023). Pelatihan dan Pengembangan Skill Menari Anak-Anak dan Remaja di Kelurahan Montallat II Barito Utara Kalimantan Tengah. JURPIKAT (Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat), 4(3), 475–484. https://doi.org/10.37339/jurpikat.v4i3.1394
Ahmad, M. P. U., Syahrir, N., & Padalia, A. (2024). Representation of Form and Educational Values in Pattuqduq Kumba Dance: Local Cultural Values in the Educational Curriculum. ETDC: Indonesian Journal of Research and Educational Review, 4(1), 107–118. https://doi.org/10.51574/ijrer.v4i1.2730
Amalia, N. A., & Agustin, D. (2022). Peranan Pusat Seni dan Budaya sebagai Bentuk Upaya Pelestarian Budaya Lokal. Sinektika: Jurnal Arsitektur, 19(1), 34–40. https://doi.org/10.23917/sinektika.v19i1.13707
Asyrafunnisa, A. (2021). Symbolic Meaning in the Traditional Dance of Bugis Makassar, Pakarena Dance (A Semiotic Study). Tamaddun, 20(1), 26–31. https://doi.org/10.33096/tamaddun.v20i1.88
Caraballo, L., & Souto-Manning, M. (2017). Co-Constructing Identities, Literacies, and Contexts: Sustaining Critical Meta-Awareness With/in Urban Communities. Urban Education, 52(5), 555–560. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042085915618726
Dey, S., & Sinha, N. (2025). Pedagogy of Ecological Kinships (pp. 367–384). https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-8447-3.ch017
Egorov, M., Zakharova, G., Olesova, S., Neustroeva, A., & Yakovleva, A. (2019). Folk dance as a means of preserving and transmitting the ethnocultural traditions of the Sakha people at school. Proceedings of the International Conference on Man-Power-Law-Governance: Interdisciplinary Approaches (MPLG-IA 2019). https://doi.org/10.2991/mplg-ia-19.2019.53
Fawziah, M. Z., Rumiwiharsih, & Ananda, W. R. (2020). Function Shifts and Composition Form Reconstruction of Pakarena Dance. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Arts and Arts Education (ICAAE 2019). https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200703.038
Fu, X., Sittithai, T., & Chankoson, T. (2025). Factors affecting the development of Lipu Yi costumes: intangible cultural heritage tourism. Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development, 15(3), 525–539. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCHMSD-05-2022-0068
Gurholt, K. P. (2014). Joy of nature, friluftsliv education and self: combining narrative and cultural–ecological approaches to environmental sustainability. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 14(3), 233–246. https://doi.org/10.1080/14729679.2014.948802
Hall, S. (1997). Representation: Cultural representations and signifying practices. SAGE Publications Ltd.
Henny, H. (2022). Nilai-Nilai Tarian Mangaru pada Aspek Perkembangan Anak Usia Dini. Murhum : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 67–77. https://doi.org/10.37985/murhum.v3i1.78
Jones, V., Mitra, S., & Gupta, N. (2022). Climate change and sustainability education in India and the place for arts-based practice: reflections from East Kolkata Wetlands. London Review of Education, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.14324/LRE.20.1.48
Khalik, S., Mustika, M., & Hermansyah, S. (2022). The Siri’ Culture of Makassar Women in Pakarena Anida Dance. La Ogi : English Language Journal, 8(1), 55–59. https://doi.org/10.55678/loj.v8i1.601
Lichtenberg, S., Huber-Sannwald, E., Reyes-Agüero, J. A., Anhuf, D., & Nehren, U. (2022). Pau-brasil and string instrument bows telecouple nature, art, and heritage. Ecology and Society, 27(1), art32. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-13047-270132
Liu, L. B., & Li, Q. (2019). Culturally and Ecologically Sustaining Pedagogies: Cultivating Glocally Generous Classrooms and Societies. American Behavioral Scientist, 63(14), 1983–2006. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764219850865
Love, C. R. (2022). Healing the Cartesian wound: Towards a re-membering pedagogy in theological education in South Africa. HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies, 78(4). https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v78i4.7726
Mahmudah, U., Ulwiyah, S., Fatimah, S., & Hamid, A. (2021). Transformasi Karakter Anak Berbasis Nilai-nilai Kearifan Lokal Melalui Tarian Tradisional: Pendekatan Bootstrap. DWIJA CENDEKIA: Jurnal Riset Pedagogik, 5(1), 108. https://doi.org/10.20961/jdc.v5i1.51598
Martínez-Rodríguez, M., Hernández-de la Cruz, J. M., Aso, B., & Ciriza, C. D. (2022). Musical Heritage as a Means of Sustainable Development: Perceptions in Students Studying for a Degree in Primary Education. Sustainability, 14(10), 6138. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14106138
Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook. sage.
Niederhauser, J., Vez, C., Jörg, A., Bertschy, F., Künzli David, C., & Pfründer, G. (2024). The power of artistic practices in ESD. Environmental Education Research, 30(4), 580–590. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2023.2227362
Nieveen, N. (1999). Prototyping to Reach Product Quality. In Design Approaches and Tools in Education and Training (pp. 125–135). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4255-7_10
Okwir, N. A. (2025). Art and the Environment: Creative Approaches to Sustainability. RESEARCH INVENTION JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN EDUCATION, 5(2), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.59298/RIJRE/2025/521900
Olaghere, A., Wilson, D. B., & Kimbrell, C. (2023). Inclusive critical appraisal of qualitative and quantitative findings in evidence synthesis. Research Synthesis Methods, 14(6), 847–852. https://doi.org/10.1002/jrsm.1659
Pramana, A. D. R., & Nugrahaeni, T. (2019). Pakarena Anida Dance as Guidance Values of Buginese Women in Indonesia. Proceedings of the International Conference on Arts and Design Education (ICADE 2018). https://doi.org/10.2991/icade-18.2019.60
Prasetio, T. B., Amin, S. J., & Wahidin, A. (2024). An analytical study of gender equality in the Mappadendang tradition. AL MA’ARIEF : Jurnal Pendidikan Sosial Dan Budaya, 6(1), 11–22. https://doi.org/10.35905/almaarief.v6i1.9055
Primasari, D., & Prihatini, N. S. (2019). Tari Pakarena Laiyolo di Desa Laiyolo Kecamatan Bontosikuyu Kabupaten Kepulauan Selayar (Pakarena Laiyolo Dance in Laiyolo Village, Bontosikuyu District, Selayar Islands Regency). Greget, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.33153/grt.v16i1.2351
Rabani, L. O., Husain, S. B., Samidi, S., & Khusyairi, J. A. (2024). Pelatihan Kesenian Tradisional Pabitte Pasappu Untuk Pemertahanan Budaya Masyarakat Kajang di Desa Tanah Toa, Bulukumba, Sulawesi Selatan (Pabitte Pasappu Traditional Arts Training for the Preservation of Kajang Community Culture in Tanah Toa Village, Bulukumba, South Sulawesi). PengabdianMu: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 9(7), 1290–1296. https://doi.org/10.33084/pengabdianmu.v9i7.6990
Rachmadian, R. H., Michellia, R., Fitrianingsih, L., A, D. W., & Putra, A. K. (2021). Analisis penggunaan e-learning berbasis Multimedia Cognitive Theory Approach pada pembelajaran Geografi di masa pandemi COVID-19. Jurnal Integrasi Dan Harmoni Inovatif Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial (JIHI3S), 1(6), 764–772. https://doi.org/10.17977/um063v1i6p764-772
Sclater, M. (2018). Sustainability and learning: Aesthetic and creative responses in a digital culture. Research in Comparative and International Education, 13(1), 135–151. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745499918771185
Shen, D., Guo, H., Yu, L., Ying, J., Shen, J., Ying, S., Bao, D., & Wang, Y. (2022). Sound Design of Guqin Culture: Interactive Art Promotes the Sustainable Development of Traditional Culture. Sustainability, 14(4), 2356. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14042356
Sholeh, M. I., Mohamed, M. R. A. A., Ali, H., Sokip, Syafi’i, A., & ’Azah, N. (2024). Cultural Value Analysis at Madrasah Aliyah Tahfidz Al-Qur’an Environment. INTIHA: Islamic Education Journal, 2(1), 210–223. https://doi.org/10.58988/intiha.v2i1.325
Sipos, Y., Battisti, B., & Grimm, K. (2008). Achieving transformative sustainability learning: engaging head, hands and heart. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 9(1), 68–86. https://doi.org/10.1108/14676370810842193
Siringo-ringo, R., Siagian, A., & Wahyuni, N. (2022). The Resilient Tradition: Exploring the Cultural Significance of Javanese Wayang Kulit in Heritage Preservation. Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Dan Humaniora, 11(1), 69–84. https://doi.org/10.35335/jiph.v11i1.16
Batubara, S. M. (2024). Peran Pendidikan Kebudayaan dalam Pelestarian Kearifan Lokal di Sekolah : Tinjauan Pustaka. Atmosfer: Jurnal Pendidikan, Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, Budaya, Dan Sosial Humaniora, 3(1), 260–270. https://doi.org/10.59024/atmosfer.v3i1.1208
Smith, G. D. (2020). Informal Learning and the Creative Process. In The Oxford Handbook of the Creative Process in Music. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190636197.013.12
Soedarsono. (2001). Seni pertunjukan Indonesia di era globalisasi. Gadjah Mada University Press.
Song, X., Yang, Y., Yang, R., & Shafi, M. (2019). Keeping Watch on Intangible Cultural Heritage: Live Transmission and Sustainable Development of Chinese Lacquer Art. Sustainability, 11(14), 3868. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11143868
Syahrir, N., & Alimuddin, A. (2024). Integrating computing techniques in preserving Makassar’s Pakarena dance heritage. Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 36(3), 1674. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v36.i3.pp1674-1682
Thompson, B., Jürgens, A.-S., None, B., & Lamberts, R. (2023). Street art as a vehicle for environmental science communication. Journal of Science Communication, 22(04). https://doi.org/10.22323/2.22040201
UNESCO. (2018). Basic texts of the 2003 Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (6th ed.). UNESCO Publishing.
Wu, J., Ju, L.-H., Lin, P.-H., & Lyu, Y. (2022). The Relationship between Form and Ritual in Cultural Sustainability. Sustainability, 14(15), 9157. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159157
Yang, N., Zang, X., & Chen, C. (2022). Inheritance Patterns under Cultural Ecology Theory for the Sustainable Development of Traditional Handicrafts. Sustainability, 14(22), 14719. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142214719
Zul Hilmi, A., Giswandhani, M., Saleh, R., & Saade, A. R. (2024). Pandora’s Box in Mappalili: Exploring Environmental Rhetoric and Cultural Communication in the Bugis Community. Humaniora, 15(2), 161–165. https://doi.org/10.21512/humaniora.v15i2.12350
Zulkifli, Indah Nurjelika, Sin Yin, Miranda Febwandari, Aulia Nurhayati Ningsih, & Adam Jordy Maulana. (2023). Pelatihan dan Pengembangan Skill Menari Anak-Anak dan Remaja di Kelurahan Montallat II Barito Utara Kalimantan Tengah. JURPIKAT (Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat), 4(3), 475–484. https://doi.org/10.37339/jurpikat.v4i3.1394
Authors
Pramana, A. D. R., Astuti, T. M. P., Malarsih, M., & Sinaga, S. S. (2025). Embodied pedagogy and ecological ethics: Internalising environmental values through the Pakarena Anida dance in South Sulawesi. Journal of Environment and Sustainability Education, 3(3), 369–376. https://doi.org/10.62672/joease.v3i3.122
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